Jacksonian era and Manifest Destiny

1824-1848

UNIT IV: APUSH

(1.5 weeks)

Essential Question (EQ)

Are gradual reforms worth celebrating, even if they benefit a select group only?

Reading Assignments

Date --reading completed

_________________ American History Chapter 9

_________________ American History, Chapter 13 pages 344 to 355 only (NOTE THE BREAK IN CHAPTERSãIπm going with the theme of expansion)

Free Response Questions: Choose one from part A and one from part B. Make an outline for both; you will be tested on one of the four in class.

Part A:

1. Contrast the Whigs and Democrats in regard to their beliefs, public policies (be sure to discuss the Bank), and supporters. Which would you personally support? Why?

2.. Argue that the US was or was not an imperialistic nation in the 1830s and 1840s.

Part B:

1. Was the era of Jackson truly one of great advancement for our nation, particularly in light of changes in voting rights, the bank issue, and westward expansion.

2. To what extent did the Jacksonian Revolution mark the establishment of a ≥New Democracy≤ in America? Confine your essay to the years 1824-1840

Major Assignments/Projects and Assessment (There will also be minor homework assignments and quizzes that are not mentioned on this sheet.)

Date to be completed

__________________ Debate #1 the Jacksonian Era.

__________________ Free Response #2 Outline due and in-class essay

__________________ Unit 5 Test

Study terms for The American Pageant

Identify/Define and state the historical significance of the following terms/individuals:

13

Jeffersonian v. Jacksonian Democracy

Rowdiness of Jacksonπs Inauguration

General characteristics of Jacksonian Democracy (look at pp. 234 to 239

How did voting rights change? (Broadening of the Franchise)

What role did western states play in the democratization process of American politics? How did older states respond? Did some resist?

Dorr Rebellion

How was the democratization process slowest in the South?

How did Martin Van Buren help to change the view of political parties? Explain his philosophy.

Changes in choosing pres. Electors

Changes in political participation from 1824 to 1840

Second party system( what were the parties?)

Jacksonπs theory of Democracy

Who were the losers, the dangerous elements?

What was the Spoil system and how did it fit into Jacksonπs philosophy? Was he radical in implementing the philosophy?

Death of the caucus system and rise of party conventions. Why are anti-Masons important here

Describe the limited nature of dem. Reform

John C. Calhoun (isnπt that a frightening photo on page 241? Imagine growing up in house where that photo hangs over the fire place.)

SCπs view of the Tariff of Abominations

Calhounπs theory of Nullificationãexplain it

Martin Van Buren

≥kitchen cabinet≤ Who were its members?Why important?

Eaton Affair (or how Peggy OπNeale divided Jackson and Calhoun)

Webster-Hayne debateãstatesπ rights v., fed. Powerãdiscuss the arguments. Whatπs the division?

Jackson-Calhoun toasts/differences at the Jefferson Banquet

How did Calhoun and SC propose to respond to the hated Tariff of 1828? (testing of the theory of nullificationãnullification crisis)

What was Jacksonπs response?

What sort of compromise was worked out to resolve the Nullification Crisis? What did this teach Calhoun?

What were the changing white attitudes toward the tribes and how did they contribute to the decision in favor of removal? What did Jackson think?

How had the federal govπt and the marshall viewed tribes prior to Jackson?

Black Hawk War

Why were the Cherokees and unique Indian tribe?

What did states do when the federal gov. didnπt negotiate the removal of Indians fast enough?

What ws the purpose of the Removal Act of 1830?

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia and Jacksonπs response to the latter.

Cherokee resistance and Jacksonπs response

Trail of Tears 1838

Jacksonπs final justification (helping the tribes)

Expulsion of the 5 Civilized tribes and and the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834

Significance of the Seminole war and the relocation of Seminoles (Osceola)

Final assessment of the Indian removal

How did whites justify their mistreatment of native Americans?

What was Jacksonπs view of concentrated government power in economic issues?

Jacksonπs veto of the Maysville Road measure

Describe the Bank of the US

Nicholas Biddle

What was Jacksonπs opinion of the BUS? On what did he bse his views? What other factors contributed to his stand? What were his plans for the Bank?

Hard money vs. soft money critics; explain their ideas

J

How did Biddle try to save the bank?

1832 Bank charter renewal bill (clayπs motive and jacksonπs response)

Election of 1832

How did Jackson destroy the ≥monster≤ bank? (bankicide) and how did Biddle respond? What were the results?

Taney court

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge 1837 The case; how did it reflect the cornerstone of Jacksonian Ideal?

Contrast the Whigs and the Democrats in terms of of philosophy, constituencies and the character of their leaders;

Whigs and Antimasons

Compare the cultural differences between Whig and democratic followers? Were ethnic and religious difference important?

Whig leaders? ≥great triumvirate≤ their weaknesses.

Who did they all hate? (hatred of this man is really the great unifying force of the Whig party)

Election of 1836

What was the general condition of the American economy in 1836?

What was the purpose of the Distribution Act and what were its effects?

What did Jackson think of the land speculation?

What was the specie circular? Purpose and effect?

What were the causes of the panic of 1837?

How did Van Buren respond to the Panic? Why?

Independent Treasury System (the divorce billãone VBπs few legislative achievements)

Why did the Whigs choose Harrison over Clay for the election of 1840? Who did the democrats choose?

How did the campaign of 1840 set a new pattern for presidential contests?

Describe the Whig campaign? Was it effective?

What happened to Harrison?

What did the selection of John Tyler s Harrisonπs vice-presidential candidate reveal about the composition of the Whig Party?

How did Tyler and agree and disagree with other Whig leaders? What Democratic values did he still have?

Describe Tylerπs split with the Whigs

Why didnπt Webster resign as quickly as other Whigs? Think about foreign policy issues.

Caroline Affair and McLeod controversy

Aroostook War

Creole Affair

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Read the conclusion (as you should in all chapter)ãitπs one of Brinkleyπs greatest strengths

Chapter 13: ≥The Impending Crisis≤

Explain the idea of Manifest Destiny

John L. OπSullivan

Racial justification of MD

What was the ≥empire of liberty≤? How was it to be achieved, and what doubts were raised about its desirability? (Opposition to expansion a la Clay and others)

Stephen Austin and the American immigration to Texas

Tensions over slavery

Santa Anna

Sam Houston

The Alamo

tejanos

How did Texas become available for annexation? What prevented its immediate annexation? (opposition to annexation)

What was the history of American interest in Oregon?

What was the dispute American-British dispute over Oregon?

What were the characteristics of western migrants? What problems did they face? How were these overcome?

Oregon Trail

Election of 1844 and the texas issue. Why did Clay and Van Buren wish to avoid taking a stand on the question of the annexation of Texas? What effect did this have on their efforts to be nominated by their party?

How did Van Burenπs position on Texas help the candidacy of James K. Polk? How did Polkπs campaign catch the spirit of the time? What effect did Clayπs position on Texas have on his campaign in the presidential election?

Outcome of election of 1844. How did Tyler respond to Polkπs victory, specifically with the Texas issue?

What were the goals of president Polk? How did he resolve the Oregon question? (compromise over Oregon)

≥54-40 or fight≤

What tensions emerged in the Southwest that threatened to lead the United States into war with Mexico? (Rio Grande v. Nueces)

Explain the development of American interest in California

What were the origins of the Slidell mission? What was its goal, what did it accomplish, and what was Polkπs reaction to it?

On what grounds did Polk ask Congress to declare war on Mexico?

Zachary Taylor

On what grounds was Polkπs call for war criticized?

What was Polkπs plan for the conduct of the war? How was it set in motion, and what was accomplished in the first offensive of the war?

Bear Flag Revolt and John C. Fremont

Stephen Kearny

Winfield Scott

What were the objectives of the next two offensives in the war? What did they accomplish?

What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?