The Origins of the American Identity: The Colonial Era

The Origins of the American Identity: The Colonial Era

UNIT I: APUSH

(Approximately 5 days)

Essential Questions(EQ)

What are the cause and effects of human migration?

How does geography shape a region?

How is a new society developed?

Unit Objectives:

At the end of this unit students should be able to

Describe the contact of cultures (Native American and European).

Explain European motives for exploration. Discuss the basic features of colonial American society (economic, political, social, ethnic)

Assess how the American colonies differed from Europe

compare and contrast the characteristics that developed between the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies;

Contrast the motives for and development of the two primary colonies, Virginia and Massachusetts

Trace Americaπs political traditions (rep. Democracy) back to the colonial era.

Discuss the origins of slavery in American history.

Discuss the influence of the Enlightenment on the American colonies;

Explain how the Seven Years War and its concluding Treaty of Paris affected the American colonies.

Explain the significance of religion in shaping the colonial American society

Reading Assignments (Although the length of this assignment seems daunting, please remember it was last year in your honors class. It was also assigned as summer reading. For the students who are new to this class, remember that this unit is much larger than the average unit; the nature of the AP course dictates it as such.)

Date --reading completed

American History Chapter 1

American History Chapter 2

American History Chapter 3

American History Chapter 4

Free response questions: You must write an essay response for one and an outlined response for another. You choose on from Part A and one from Part B

Part A:

Compare and contrast the English, Spanish and French colonial systemsãtheir motives, their functioning, their successes and failures, and their impact on the Native American population.

2. Compare and contrast Virginia and Massachusetts Bay Colonyãtheir origins, their goals, and their early social , political and economic development.

Part B

1. To what extent did the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies develop separate societies in the Colonial era? ≠confine your answer to the time period 1600 to 1763.

2. To what extent had the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies merged to create a single American society--set apart from the mother country-- by the outbreak of the Revolution? ≠confine your answer to the time period 1600-1763. Be sure to describe how the colonies did or did not become ≥American.≤ What were the aspects of this new ≥American≤ character, or lack thereof. Focus on social, political, economic and religious issues.

Major Assignments/Projects and Assessment (There will also be minor homework assignments, readings, and quizzes that are not mentioned on this sheet.)

Date to be completed

Free Response Essay

Free Response Outline

Unit 1 Test multiple choice

Pilot Requirement on note taking: This is something Iπve never done before, but Iπm going to try out with this class. Itπs oh so very Burlingame. You must take notes, of some sort , of what you read. You can simply fill out the study guides I provide, or you can take notes the way that best serves you. Iπll award you with some points for doing this at the end of each unit. Youπll probably just turn them in right before each unit test.

Study terms for American History: A Survey

Note: these are terms that I gleaned from the text as I read over it. Sometimes I skip things, sometimes I put things in that in retrospect seem unimportant to remember (though this is very rare). As you read the chapter, take notes on these terms and reflect on their significance: why are they important,? How are they causally related to other terms? How do they fit into the larger context of their times?, etc. Some are easy to remember, some arenπt. Anyway, this ought to help you remember what you read.

1 The Meeting of Cultures

First ≥Discoverers≤ of America: Who? When? How?:

Population of Americas-1492:

What were the 3 largest Indian language groups, and where did they live?

Algonquin tribes

Iroquois

General Condition of most Native American Indiansã1492(i.e., highly developed, organized civilizations?):*

Reasons for European expansion: commerce and nationalism

Portuguese Explorers

Bartholomew Dias:

Vasco da Gama:

≥Indians≤ãthe term is a misnomer. Why?:

Conquistadors:*

Encomienda:*

Hernando Cortes:

Three phases of Spanish America

Importance of Catholic missions

Compare Spanish and English Empires in America. How did the Spanish, French and British relate differently to Native Americans?

Effects of European diseases on Native Americans:

Why did the Spanish ≥set about obliterating native cultures?≤

Exchange of culturesãwhat did they give each other?

African slavery vs. European slavery

Origins of European slavery

John Cabot

Commercial incentive (see below)

Enclosure MovementãEngland:

Merchant capitalists

Joint Stock (charter) Companies:*

mercantilism

Religious Incentivesãsee below

Martin Luther

John Calvin:

Predestination * (the elect)

Henry VIII(1509-47)

Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603):

Puritans (goals, ideas_

Separatists (goals and ideas

James I

English vs Spanish Armada(1588)

Irish and Indians(Ireland as a training ground. Ideas of separation; similarity in treatment by Brits:

Early French settlements

Coureurs de bois

Henry Hudson and the Dutch in New Amsterdam

Sir Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert:

Roanoke

Chapter 2 Transplantations and Borderlands

Characteristics of first English colonies

Virginia Companyãcharter:*

Jamestownãinitial weaknesses:*

John Smith:*

Starving time

Lord De La Warr and Tom Dale:

John Rolfe and the wonder of tobacco.

Tobacco in Virginia:*

Headright System

House of Burgesses

Powhatanπs Confederacy*

Pocahontas:*

First Africans, 1619

First and second Anglo-Powhatan wars (1622, 1644)

Reasons for survival of Jamestown

Importance of maize

George Calvert, aka Lord BaltimoreãMaryland(Religion):*

Land Barons in Maryland(landed aristocracy):

Act of Toleration(1649); *

Sir William Berkeley as autocrat

Baconπs Rebellionãcauses (Backcountry vs. Green spring) and results

Plymouth Separatists

Mayflower Compact

Massachusetts Bay Co.ãpurpose:*

Puritans vs. Charles I

≥Great Migration≤ (look for this in the Pageant):

John Winthrop

Congregational Church:

theocracy

Puritan tolerance?

Franchise in Massachusetts(Provincial and town governments):* (who could vote?)

Visible saints

Hartford and New Haven:

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut:*

Rhode Island:*

Roger Williams:

Anne Hutchinson

Changing attitudes towards natives

Pequot War

King Philipπs War

English Civil War

Cromwell

Restoration of the King

Restoration Colonies

How did the Stuart Restoration affect those English colonies already established in America? How did it affect attitudes about founding more settlements?

Carolina and Lord Proprietors :

Rice: Export crop of South Carolina;*

Carolinaπs connection to Barbados

Africans in Carolinas(1710):

North vs. south

New Amsterdam:

1664--Dutch War:*

Duke of York:

New York--aristocracy:*

Quakers

William Penn and Pennsylvania(1681):*

Tolerance in Pennsylvania (harmony with Indians, etc.):

Sugar and Slavery in Caribbean

Barbados Slave Code(1661):*

Reasons for small white pop. in Caribbean

Georgiaãreasons for colony

James Oglethorp

Problems with mercantilism in the colonies

Shifting balance between Europeans and Natives

Navigation Acts

Dominion of New England (1686) and Sir Edmond Andros

Glorious Revolution

New Mass. Charter

Leislerπs Rebellion

3 Society and Culture in Provincial America

Indentured Servitudeãwhy was it so popular?

Reasons for decline of Indentured Servitude

Life expectancy in New England vs. South

Sex ration in the colonies

Womenπs rights in the Chesapeakeãreasons for privileges, shift back to patriarchy in mid 18^th c

Role of women in New England

Origins of slavery

Percentage of slaves imported to America who actually wend to English colonies

Reasons for increase in slaves after 1670s

Why does Brinkley (and not all historians agree with him on this) consider 1697 to be a ≥turning point in the history of the black population in America≤?

Shifting status of blacks and slave codes

Non-English Europeans (Huegonots, Germans, Scotch-Irish, Scott Highlanders,etc.) where did they go?

Southern economy vs. middle and New England colonies. Characteristics of each.

Colonial trade

Triangular trade route

Colonial Merchant class

Southern plantation life

Stratified southern society

Stono rebellion

New England Puritan societyãtight knit villages, schools, etc.

Population pressures and expansion in Puritan New England.

Salem Witch Trialsãreasons

Significance of colonial cities

Reasons for religious tolerance in America

Jeremiads

Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards

Old vs. New Lights

Enlightenment influences

Education in colonies (compare the quality in the three regions); literacy rates

Colonial collegesãcurricula

Interest in science

Differences in American law

John Peter Zenger

Power of colonial assemblies

Brinkley glosses over some important aspects of colonial society. So, take out your old copy of the American Pageant and take a look at the chapters ≥American Life in the Seventeenth Century 1607-1692≤ and ≥Colonial Society on the Eve of the Revolution≤ to find info on the following:

Differences between New England, Middle and Southern societies, demographics, and industries
Colonial Social Pyramid 1775
Colonial Pop. growth
Major colonial cities
Major colonial colleges
ethnic make-up of Europeans in 1790
dominant Christian denominations and where they were..

4 The Empire in Transition

Read to Page 108

Tradition of neglect (salutary neglect)-reasons

How was Englandπs hold on the colonies weakened between 1700 and 1775? What role did colonial assemblies play in this debilitation?

Character of royal officials in America

Power of colonial legislatures

Movements toward colonial unity (postal service, etc)

Albany plan. Colonial unity revealed?

French presence in North America

King Williamπs War, Queen Anneπs War

Iroquoisπ blunder

French forts in Ohio Valley

What were the causes of the ≥Great War≤ or 7 Years War, and how did become an international event?

French and Indian War

Braddock

Pittπs strategies that worked

Peace of Paris 1763ãoutcome for all

Effects of French and Indian Warãall parties (British and French, Americans, and Indians

Colonial behavior during the war

Territorialists vs. mercantilists

Costs of war that caused tension; war debt and colonialsπ response to increased taxes;

George III

George Grenville

White expansion west and Pontiacπs response

Proclamation of 1763

Dominant Christian Denominations in the colonies and where they were:

Why did many colonists in each of the three sections see post-1763 British policy as pernicious to their livelihood?