The Great Depression and the New Deal

UNIT XII: APUSH

(1 .5 weeks)

Essential Questions (EQ)

What role should the government play in the society and the economy?

Reading Assignments

Date --reading completed

___________________ American History, Chapter 25

___________________ ≥The Triumph of Liberal Reform≤ and ≥The Conservative

Achievement of New Deal Reform≤

___________________ American History Chapter 26

Free Response Question-- Outline

1. The New Deal represented a triumph for conservatism rather than an achievement for liberal reform. AVS. (sound familiar?)

Major Assignments/Projects and Assessment (There will also be minor homework assignments and quizzes that are not mentioned on this sheet.)

Date to be completed

_________________ Take-Home DBQ

_________________ Unit Outline

_________________ Unit 14 Exam Multiple Choice

Study terms for American History

Identify/Define and state the historical significance of:

25 The Great Depression

What happened on Black Tuesday 1929? Were there warnings? What was done before this?

Which two industries were most behind the boom of the 1920s and consequently most responsible for the collapse? How?

Know the causes below: Lack of diversification

Maldistribution of wealth

Interesting statistic on the economic status of about 50% of Americans at the end of the 1920s (before the big crash).

Overproduction

Credit structure (banks in the stock market?)

Declining exports (and overall international economics)

International debt structure, cycle of debt, and protective tariffs

Collapse as cause or trigger?

What happened to the banking system early in the Depression? What role did the Federal ReservePlay?

Describe the extent of loss: gnp, etc.

Describe the extent of unemployment. What mental burdens often came with the loss of jobs? What about the belief in personal responsibility?

How effective were local, state and private relief agencies in meeting the ravages of widespread unemployment? Why did some people not want to increase social welfare programs?

2 million on the rails?

How did the GD affect farmers? How many lost their land?

Dust bowl

Okies

How did the GD affect blacks more severely than whites? demographic shifts?

Scottsboro Case

Changing role of the NAACP; blacks and unions

How did the GD affect Mexican-Americans? Demographic shifts? What did they lack that African-Americans had?

How did the GD affect Asians?

What effect did the GD have on the role of women in general and black women in particular? (federal job rules for families?)

How did the GD affect feminism?

How did families adjust to the pressures of life during the depression? (consumerism, divorce, marriage, birth)

Did the GD change American values/culture? Middletown?

How did the GD affect the success ethic?

Self-blame. Why was it hard to see the effects of the GD?

Dale Carnegie

What are some examples of artistic/literary documentation and attacks on the American way?

Radio as escapist medium.

How did radio impact America? Why was it significant?

Orson Welles and the Aliens

Continuing popularity of movies

Movies that explored social questions?

Movies as escapism

Walt Disney

Escapist and critical literature. Examples of each.

John Dos Passos.

What was the Popular Front? What did it do?

How did the PF give meaning to many?

Spanish Civil War and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Hemingway

What did the Communist Party do during the GD? How did it combat racism? To what degree was it controlled by the Soviet Union?

How effective was the American socialist party?

Leftπs Newfound respectability

Steinbeckπs Grapes of Wrath.

What were Hooverπs first approaches to combating the depression? How effective were they?

Agricultural Marketing Act

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

How did the Democratic party criticize Hoover?

How was the US further harmed by the economic collapse in Europe 1931? How did Hoover shift his response to the dilemma?

Reconstruction Finance Corporation 1932

Farmerπs holiday association

Bonus Army

What impact did Hooverπs handling of the Bonus March have on his popularity?

What made FDR such an attractive presidential candidate for the democrats? (what was his background?) Why did he win the 1932 election?

Election of 1932 (what was unique about FDRπs acceptance of the nomination?)

Banking Crisis during the interregnum

Why did FDR refuse to cooperate with Hooverπs demand during the winter of 1932/33?

26 The New Deal

What sort of relationship did FDR develop with the public and the press? How did he use that to his advantage?

Fireside chats

Why was the banking crisis his first priority? What did he do?

Emergency Banking Act. Was it successful

What did the economy act reveal about FDRπs philosophy of economics and government? What did it do?

21^st amendment

What was the principle feature of the Agricultural Adjustment Act? Why wasnπt it completely successful? What type of farmers did it favor? What did the Supreme Court say?

Soil Conservation and domestic Allotment Act

Describe the goals and concepts of the National Industrial Recovery Act (and the NRA)? What were its strengths and weaknesses?

NRA and Hugh Johnson (blanket codes, etc)

Section 7(a)

Supreme court and the NRA (schechter case)

How was the TVA philosophically different than the AAA and NRA? What were the goals of the TVA? How well did it meet them?

What effect did taking the dollar off the gold standard have on the economy? Why was this a significant move?

Glass-Steagall Act and other efforts at banking reform (fed reserve control)

SEC

Federal Emergency Relief Administration and the Civil Works Administration (contrast the two)

Harry Hopkins

CCC

Farm Credit Administration

Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act

What percentage of farmers lost land by 1934?

Home Ownersπ Loan Corporation

American liberty league

Success of critics on left?

Who were the effective critics? Explain each. (Huey Long; Francis Townsend, Charles E. Coughlin) Who had the most lasting influence, even if only indirectly? How did Roosevelt respond?

What 1935 legislative initiatives by Roosevelt and others indicated his changing attitude toward big business and the emergence of the Second New Deal?

Tax plan

National Labor Relations Act (wagner act)

NLRB

Holding co. Act of 1935

Compare and contrast craft unionism and industrial unionism? What organizations represented each?

CIO and minorities; militant

John L. Lewis

Why did unions become more militant in the 1930s? In what industries did they make the most gains?

Sit-down strike; effective? Why abandoned?

How did the UAW defeat General Motors in 1937? What happened?

US Steel and the SWOC (United Steel Workers of America) march 1937; why a surprise?

Little Steel and the Memorial Day Massacre;

Signs of union growth/success

What did the Social Security Act provide for? Why was it the most important single piece of social welfare legislation in American history? who was excluded?

Describe the Works Progress Administration and its accomplishments. How did it go beyond traditional public-works programs?

National Youth Administration

Emergency Housing Division of the PWA

How did the new welfare system respond to men and women differently

Election of 1936

What electoral realignments occurred after 1936?

What were FDRπs objectives in his ≥court packing≤ plan? Was it wise? Did it go down as plans? What happened? What were the repercussions?

What caused (or at least preceded) the recession of 1937 (Rooseveltπs Recession_)? What of Rooseveltπs obsession with balancing the budget? What was Rooseveltπs response.? How did this supports Keynesian economic theory?

Fair Labor Standards Act

What events brought the New Deal to a halt?

What is meant by the term ≥broker state≤? what was the new role of the federal government?

What did the ND do for African Americans? What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play?

Marion Anderson

Black cabinet

Percent of African Americans receiving some sort of assistance.

Changes in black voting pattern in 1936 election

Describe John Collier and his views of Indian reform. What did he do?

Cultural relativism

Indian reorganization act. What did it do? Accomplishments?

What pushed the New Deal toward a greater role for women? What held it back?

Frances Perkins

How did perkins and others limit the new dealπs approach to womenπs rights?

What did FDR/NEW DEAL not do to help blacks and other minorities ?

Which regions of the US benefited most from the ND?

Failure to challenge jim crow

Why a huge impact in the west?

New Dealπs legacy in the West

Why the south?

Failure to achieve recovery

WHAT ENDED THE GREAT DEPRESSION?

Lasting effects of ND

Federal Welfare State

Changing character of politics

New expectations of government.