Into the Modern Era: World War I and the Roaring Twenties

1917-1932

UNIT XII: APUSH

(1 1/2 weeks)

Essential Questions (EQ)

Can war bring peace?

Does prosperity always bring about positive change?

Reading Assignments

Date --reading completed

__________________ American History, Chapter 23

__________________ American History, Chapter 24

Free Response Question-- both outlines

1. To what extent the American experience during WWI impact life on the home front?

2. The title ≥the Roaring Twenties≤ is a misnomer as not all Americans enjoyed the benefits of the era. AVS.

Major Assignments/Projects and Assessment (There will also be minor homework assignments and quizzes that are not mentioned on this sheet.)

Date to be completed

__________________ Outlines due

__________________ Unit 13 Exam Multiple Choice

Study terms for American History

Identify/Define and state the historical significance of:

23 America and the Great War

Review sophomore world history knowledge: What were the causes of WWI? How did it begin?
Triple Entente and Triple alliance
Who were the Allies? Central Powers?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (not the band)
Which Americans supported the CP? Why? The Allies? Why?
What was Wilsonπs stance?
What factors led to the US indirect support of the Allies over the CP?
Why did the Germans use U-Boats so much? Why didnπt Germany use unrestrictive submarine warfare early on in the war?
Lusitania
Sussex
Which Americans supported us involvement for war? Reasons? Which Americans were pacifists?
Before 1917, how did Wilson balance the demands for preparedness and the cries for peace? What effect did his position have on the 1916 election?
Election of 1916
Charles Evan Hughes
What argument did Wilson devise for US involvement in the war ≥a peace without victory?
What final events brought the US into the conflict?
Zimmerman telegram
How did events in Russian affect Americaπs decision to join the Allies?
On what aspect of the war did American entry have the most immediate effect? What was the effect?
Two main methods of financing the war effort
Liberty Bonds
Describe the condition of the US military at the beginning of the war? How did the military get new troops? Numbers?
Selective service act
American Expeditionary Force
Describe the experiences of African-American soldiers
General experiences of American forces in WWI (trench warfare, etc)
General John Pershing
Chateau-Thierry
Meuse-Argonne
New types of warfare
High casualty rate of European countries v. US casualty rate
How did the US finance the war?
Describe the War Industries Board and the National War Labor Board. What did each do?
Did the WIB restrict or enhance business? How?
Bernard Baruch
Hoover and the Food Administration
What did leaders of government and industry learn from the experience of economic organization during the war?
Gains made by labor
Ludlow Massacre
Describe the period of economic growth during the war.
Great migration: causes and results (race riots, etc)
Facts about women working before and after the war
What groups opposed the war? Why?
NAWSAπs stance
Addams? Gilman?
Womenπs Peace Party and maternal opposition
How did the public support the war? Examples.
Billy Sunday
Committee on Public Information: purpose and tactics
George Creel	headed Committee on Public Information;; 150,000 workers; 75,000 four minute men; propaganda; typified American war mobilization which relied more on passion and volunteerism and less on formal laws
How did the government use the Espionage and Sedition Acts to suppress opposition to the war effort?
Who were the targets?
What happened to Debs?
Bill Haywoodπs fate
What did citizens groups do to repress dissent?
American Protective League
Immigrant targeting and 100% Americanism
Harassment of german-americans
Wilsonπs idealistic call for war	a war to end war to make the world Safe for democracy
Fourteen Points: know the basics (three categories, which was most important to him?)	Jan 8, 1918; inspired drooping allies; abolish secret treaties; freedom of seas; removal of econ. barriers; reduction of armament; adjusting colonial claims; independence; League of Nations
self-determination
League of Nations
Wilsonπs problems with European allies at warπs end.
Problems at home with Republicans in 1918?
The Big Four at Versailles
Problems with Russia.
What did Wilson not get in the Treaty of Versailles? (failures)
What problems occurred during the ratification process?
Henry Cabot Lodge
Wilsonπs appeal to the people and collapse
Why was the treaty ultimately rejected?
What happened to the American economy in the postwar years?
What inspired the unrest of 1919? What were the important strikes (seattle, boston police, steel workers). What did the wave of strikes and their general outcomes reveal about the labor movement?
Great Migration of blacks and its effect on race relations
What new black attitudes and ideas emerged as a result of their fighting in WWI?
Increase in lynchings
Red summer of 1919 and race riots (Chicago being the largest)
Marcus Garvey and the UNIA.
What events in Russia and Americans caused Americans to fear communism, thus inspiring the Red Scare? To what degree was this threat real?
Comintern
bombings
What crimes were committed in the name of antiradicalism?
What were the purposes and results of the Palmer raids?
A. Mitchell Palmer
Sacco and Vanzetti
What did the result of the election of 1920 reveal about the mood of the American people?

Chapter 24: The New Era

Cite statistics of economic growth in the 1920s	Manf. Increased 60%; per captiat income 1/3; little inflation
What were the causes of the economic boom? How was the auto very much involved in the boom?
The radio and the 1920s. who had one by 1929?
Airplane?
Telephone?	1 for every 6
Corporate consolidation and new types of corporate organization. Which types of firms consolidated? Which didnπt? What efforts were there? Why did they try to consolidate or at least work together? (were they studying their history?)	Fear of overproduction.
Trade associations
Increased maldistribution of wealth (with big winners come big losers)	2/3 barely comfortable
What were the elements of welfare capitalism? Did the average worker truly benefit?
Company unions
Sad salaries of the unskilled
How did working class people make ends meet?
Unemployment rates?
Why were unions ineffective and weak at this time? Was it their own fault in some ways? Cite examples (afl, etc.)
Pink collar jobs (type) was there an increase? Why little union help?
African American workers. Types of jobs; why little union help?
Brotherhood of sleeping Car Porters and A. Philip Randolph
Experiences of Japanese and Filipino immigrants and white response
Mexican immigration in the 1920s. why werenπt they excluded so much?
What was the principal reason for the absence of effective labor organization?
The American plan: purpose (note the difference between open and closed shop work places)
In what ways did business and government work together to limit the effectiveness of unions? How did this affect union membership?	5 to 3 million;π 1920 to 1929
What caused a big drop in farm prices and income in the 1920s? Effects? Explain how parity was designed to solve the problem.	Hybrids; increased output but not demand. New tech, tractors, etc. 3 million left ag.
McNary-Haugen Bill
Describe the mass consumer economy of the 1920s
How did the automobile transform American culture? What of the youth culture?
Why did advertising come about?
The Man Nobody Knows
Mass-Circulation mags. Saturday Evening Post, Readerπs Digest, Time (how did it get its name).
The Jazz Singer
How did Hollywoodπs rating system come about?
KDKA
NBC
Why was radio sometimes more subversive than film?
Decline in traditional religious fervor
Most women who worked out the home were from which social class?
How did the image of the new professional women compare with reality for most working women?
How did behaviorist thinking affect ideas of motherhood? How did this change wives/mothersπ views of their marriages and lives?
Margaret Sanger and birth control
Flapper image; where did it originate? (an all too familiar story that continues todayãfashion trends) Were most women still dependent on men?
National womanπs Party
League of Women voters
Sheppard-towner Act: itπs purpose, why it ultimately failed, and lesson Congress learned.
What changes in high-school and college attendance occurred? How did the growing importance of education contribute to the emergence of a separate youth culture?
How did the adoration of Edison, ford and Lindbergh illustrate the ambivalence with which many Americans regarded the decline of the ≥self-made man≤?
What social forces combined to alienate the members of the Lost Generation? Who were the leaders? What did they rebel against?
H.L. Mencken
Sinclair Lewis
Art as refuge
Great Writers of the era
John Dewey
Charles and Mary Beard (how did they view history?)
Harlem Renaissance
Alain Locke and The New Negro
What more basic conflict in society did the prohibition debate symbolize? Why was prohibition a failure?
Explain the changes in immigration laws brought about by the National Origins act and subsequent legislation. What ethnic groups were favored? (really know the National Origins Act of 1924). How did anti-immigrant sentiment relate to the rebirth of the Klan?
How was the New Ku Klux Klan different than the klan of the Reconstruction era? How did it try to defend traditional values? Why did it die?
Contrast the views of modernist and fundamentalist protestant Christians. How did the Scopes trial symbolize the differences between the two groups? What happened in the Scopes trial?
Clarence Darrow
ACLU (why was it originally founded and what did it do?)
What diverse groups made up the Democratic Party in the 1920s?
Elections of 1924 and 1928. why did he dems failed.
What is significant about the 12 years following 1921? (which party controlled the government and to what degree?)
What features of Hardingπs background led to his political reputation? What was the biggest of the various Harding-era scandals?
Harry Daugherty
Albert Fall
The Ohio Gang
Teapot Dome scandal
Where did Harding die? So close!
How did Coolidge differ from Harding? How was he similar in his approach to office? (love that picture on page 671)
Characterize the relationship between government and business at this time. Seem familiar?
Who was Andrew Mellon? What were his goals/policies as Secretary of the Treasury? Was he successful?
Describe Herbert Hooverπs philosophy as Commerce Secretary. What was his philosophy of Hooverπs Associationalism? (think volunteerism) was it passive?