The Progressive Era

1901-1917

UNIT X: APUSH

(2 weeks)

Essential Questions (EQ)

How does true social change occur?

Reading Assignments

American History, Chapter 21

American History Chapter 22 (to page 613)

Supplemental reading: TBD

Free Response Questionóboth outlines.

1. In the view of progressives, what was wrong with American society? What solutions did they try to use? What relevance do they have today? Be specific, focusing on three general topics (eg political corruption).

2. Compare the foreign policies of Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each?

Major Assignments/Projects and Assessment (There will also be minor homework assignments and quizzes that are not mentioned on this sheet.)

Date to be completed

__________ Unit test (objective)

__________ Unit in-class essay and outlines due

Study terms for American History

Identify/Define and state the historical significance of (or simply answer the question):

21 The Rise of Progressivism

What were the varieties of the progressive impulse? (antimonopoly, social cohesion, faith in knowledge) explain.

Who were muckrakers? How did they set the stage for progressivism?

Ida Tarbell

Lincoln Steffens

What contribution did the Social Gospel movement make to progressivism? What are the details of the Social Gospel movement?

Salvation Amy

Walter Rauschenbusch

Father John Ryan

Contrast social Darwinism with the progressive vision? How did the settlement house movement illustrate the difference

Jane Addams and Hull house

Middle-class lifestyles and the settlement house mission

Women and settlement houses

Settlement houses and the profession of social work

Thorstein Veblen (A theory of the Leisure Class), his ideas and the rise of social sciences.

New professions and the new middle class. What distinguished the new middle class from its predecessor? What was the role of expertise and professional organization? Who was usually exclude?

AMA

Lawyers and bar associations

Chamber of commerce

Women and the medical profession.

Demise of midwives. Why?

In what professions did women dominate? Why? What were their distinctive qualities?

What were the socioeconomic origins of the ìnew women?î

(fewer domestic chores, declining birthrate, etc.)

Women who never married. Percent?

Boston marriages

Increasing divorce rates

Describe the activities and issues that were the focus of the womenís club movement? What was the movementís impact on women and society? (ìpublic sphere for womenî, WTUL, etc)

How did womenís clubs reflect ìcontemporary ideas about the natural inclinations of womenî?

What was the largest single reform movement during the era?

Why was womenís suffrage considered a radical demand?

Stantonís views

What were criticisms of the suffrage movement?

How did the suffrage movement overcome opposition in the early 20^th century? Several reasons

NAWSA 1893.

Arguments for suffrage

Conservative arguments against suffrage

Steps toward suffrage.

19^th amendment

Alice Paul and the quest for the equal rights amendment.

Did women operate in politics as a coherent force of reform after getting the right to vote?

What was the first step to reform government? (hint: it has to do with pol. Parties)

Give an example of early attacks on party influence (secret ballot)

Compare and contrast the proponents and opponents of municipal reform.

Explain how the commission plan, the city manager plan, non partisanship, and at-large elections worked together to try to weaken the power of political party bosses and clean up urban politics.

Tom Johnson in Cleveland

What was the basic purpose of the initiative (proposition), referendum, direct primary, and recall? How did they work in practice?

Charles Evan Hughes

Hiram Johnson

How did Robert ìFighting Bobî La Follette and other progressive governors demonstrate that effective leadership was the key to successful reform?

Why and how did reformers contribute to a decline in party influence? Evidence?

What was the relationship between the weakening political parties and the rise of interest groups?

Laborís power in California (union labor party)

How did party machines, such as Tammany Hall, adapt to progressivism in order to preserve their influence?

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire and reforms that followed

Western progressives (what was their target for reform? Why?

Hiram Johnson (Is he similar to Arnold?)

Why was it easy for western states to embrace progressive reforms like the initiative and recall?

Contrast Booker T. Washington and WEB Du Bois (very important to know the differences in their backgrounds and ideas)

The Souls of Black Folk

NAACP and foundation (1905)

NAACPís strategy

ìTalented Tenthî

Why was prohibition regarded as a progressive issue? What forces usually opposed prohibition?

WCTU and Frances Willard

Anti-Saloon League

18^th Amendment

Why did progressives look down on the influx of new immigrants? What were their contrasting approaches to the new immigrants? (assimilation or Americanization v. stricter immigration laws)

eugenics

Who blocked immigration restrictions?

Most problems that bothered progressives could be traced back to what?

Heyday of socialism in American (1900-1912)

Eugene Debs

Different socialist approaches to change

IWW or wobblies: goals

William Haywood

Federal attack of the IWW

Why did socialismís influence decline in America?

Describe the two different progressive approaches to the perceived problem of economic consolidation and centralization. What solutions did advocates of each favor?

Louis d. Brandeis Other Peopleís Money (why did he and others oppose ìbignessî?

ìnationalistî position: good trusts v. bad trusts

Herbert Croly

Rooseveltís approach

Chapter 22 The Battle For National Reform

17^th amendment (What was its purpose?)

How did Roosevelt become President?

To Roosevelt, what was the purpose of reform?

How did his character shape his approach to politics? What were his assumptions about the role of government? ( visions of federal power)

Department of Commerce and Labor

To what extent was Roosevelt a trustbuster?

Northern Securities Company

Rooseveltís policy toward labor

United Mine Workerís Strike 1902

Election of 1904 (how did Roosevelt win reelection?)

Square Deal

Hepburn Act (was it radical?)

Pure Food and Drug Act

Meat Inspection Act

How did Roosevelt change his policies in 1907? What were the results?

What were the two factions of conservationists? Which did Roosevelt agree with most (hint, Pinchot)

Gifford Pinchot and his philosophy of conservation

Federal Aid to the West

Newlands Act (national reclamation act) of 1902

What was Rooseveltís lasting legacy with the preservationist movement? (national parks, etc.)

Hetch Hetchy Controversy

What caused the Panic of 1907? (surprise?) How did Roosevelt and others respond?

Tennessee Coal and Iron Company

William H. Taft

Election of 1908

Contrast the personalities of Taft and Roosevelt. What was Taftís problem?

Payne-Aldrich Tariff (how did this help Taft to alienate Progressives?)

Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute and the consequences for Taft

Rooseveltís New Nationalism as described in his Osawatomie Speech of 1910. Was he still a moderate?

What did the elections of 1910 reveal of the ìprogressive revoltî?

What two events pushed Roosevelt into opposition with Taft?

What happened to La Follette?

How did Taft manage to secure the Republican nomination in 1912 despite Rooseveltís obvious popularity?

Why did Roosevelt break away from Republicanís to form the Progressive, or Bull Moose, Party? What were its goals?

Election of 1912 as progressives v. progressives

Describe Wilsonís background; how did it prepare him as a progressive candidate?

Contrast Rooseveltís New Nationalism and Wilsonís New Freedom

Results of election of 1912. How did Wilson win so easily? How did Debs do? (better than Nader?)

Wilsonís style of leadership (strong executive)

Colonel Edward M. House

Underwood-Simmons Tariff

Why the need for a graduated income tax? what were the rates?

16^th amendment

Describe the details of the Federal Reserve Act? Why was it so important? Do we still have it today?

What were Wilsonís two measures to deal with the problem of monopoly?

Federal Trade Commission

Clayton Antitrust Act (how was it compromised?)

What did the nature of Wilsonís support for the FTC and the Clayton act demonstrate about the new direction of New Freedom? Was it tempered?

Why didnít Wilson support womenís suffrage and desegregation? Why did he give up on reform so easily?

What led Wilson to advance progressive reform once again? (congressional elections of 1914) give some examples

Louis Brandeis (why was he significant?)

Keating-Owens act and child labor reform. What clause was it based on?